The Lombard intelligibility benefit of native and non-native speech for native and non-native listeners

Speech produced in noise (Lombard speech) is more intelligible than speech quiet (plain speech). Previous research on the Lombard intelligibility benefit focused almost entirely how native speakers produce and perceive speech. In this study, we investigate size of both (American-English) non-native (native Dutch) English for listeners (Dutch Spanish). We used a glimpsing metric to measure energetic masking potential speech, which predicted that could withstand greater amounts similar extent, compared plain an experiment, English, Spanish, Dutch listened same words, mixed with noise. While appeared from did, each listener group experienced Energetic masking, as captured by metric, only accounted part benefit, indicating does not result shift spectral distribution. Despite subtle language influences provides benefit.